{"id":408,"date":"2009-06-14T16:25:09","date_gmt":"2009-06-14T19:25:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/?p=408"},"modified":"2009-06-14T16:25:09","modified_gmt":"2009-06-14T19:25:09","slug":"apache-ant-how-could-i-ignore-you-for-so-long","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/?p=408","title":{"rendered":"Apache Ant: how could I ignore you for so long???"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/ant_logo_large.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-405\" title=\"ant_logo_large\" src=\"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/ant_logo_large.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"190\" height=\"120\" \/><\/a>I&#8217;m so used to the way Netbeans treats the process of building and deploying my Java projects that I completely neglected one of the most powerful tools I had ever met: <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\" target=\"_blank\">Apache Ant<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Actually, Netbeans wasn&#8217;t the only reason of my neglect. My own laziness have a big part on it. In the few times I had to read an Ant build script (always generated by Netbeans) I felt a certain angst of all that XML code. It always made me remember when I used to work with GNU make. Besides that, I&#8217;m not a big XML based DSL fan. Until I had to automate the process of deploying one of my applications using Java Webstart.<\/p>\n<p>This application uses Spring + Hibernate. As a consequence, I have lots of jar files to deploy. The process consist in:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Sign all my jar files<\/li>\n<li>Generate a JNLP file<\/li>\n<li>Deploy all the files above to the server<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Actually, Netbeans is progressing in this task , but it still isn&#8217;t right where I need. So, until then I had to <strong>manually (SHAME ON ME!!!)<\/strong> execute this task. My first attempt was to write a Groovy script. But just by accident I discovered a set of ant tasks named <a href=\"http:\/\/ovanttasks.sourceforge.net\/rat\/chapter-N104F5.html\" target=\"_blank\">Orange Volt<\/a> which led me to finally learn Apache Ant. And the result was just WONDERFUL!<\/p>\n<p>After all this rant about Ant, I must at least describe this beast. It&#8217;s a build tool similar to GNU Make. Actually, I see it as a make refined at it&#8217;s best. All the annoyances of make are gone in ant: no more problems with characters like tab, and what is even more interesting: instead of being based on commands of the local machine, Ant is based on Java classes. As a consequence, Ant scripts are easier to transport among different computers. And the XML syntax for my surprise is actually quite useful in this case!<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Installing Ant<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Installing Ant is quite easy:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Download the latest version at: <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ant.apache.org<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Unpack the downloaded file in any directory you want.<\/li>\n<li>Declare a system variable named ANT_HOME. This variable value must be the directory which you unpacked your Ant distribution.<\/li>\n<li>Add the  ANT_HOME\/bin directory to your system path<\/li>\n<li>Check if the JAVA_HOME variable is already declared on your system.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>To test your installation, just type ant on your system shell. If everything is ok, the following prompt will appear:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: java; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\nBuildfile: build.xml does not exist!\r\nBuild failed\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<h2>Using Ant<\/h2>\n<p>An Ant build script consist in an XML document similar to the following example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n&lt;project name=&quot;myProject&quot; default=&quot;dist&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot;&gt;\r\n&lt;description&gt;\r\nAn useless Ant script!\r\n&lt;\/description&gt;\r\n...\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;dist&quot;&gt;\r\n&lt;!-- Maybe I&#039;ll do something --&gt;\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n&lt;\/project&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/o1_xml.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-406 alignright\" title=\"o1_xml\" src=\"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/06\/o1_xml.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"166\" height=\"192\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This file must be named build.xml. When you execute the ant command, Ant will seek for this file on your current directory (it&#8217;s the default behavior). As you can see on the above example: the root element of this document is called <em>project<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>The main attributes of this tag are:<br \/>\n<strong>name<\/strong>: the name of the project<br \/>\n<strong>default<\/strong>: the default target to be executed<br \/>\n<strong>basedir<\/strong>: the base directory of the script.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>description<\/strong> is optional. It&#8217;s used for documentation uses only.<\/p>\n<p>An Ant project may have more than one target. A target is a set of tasks to be executed by the script. As in make, you may also define dependencies among targets as in the following example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;project name=&quot;project&quot; default=&quot;deploy&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot;&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;copy&quot;&gt;\r\n...\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;compile&quot;&gt;\r\n...\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;deploy&quot; depends=&quot;compile, copy&quot;&gt;\r\n...\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;\/project&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>In the above example, the <strong>deploy<\/strong> target is the default target executed by the script. But before it is executed, the compile and copy targets must be executed (they are the dependencies).<\/p>\n<p>If you want, you can also execute a specific target by the command line. In this case, you only have to type the command <em>ant [name of the target]<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Tasks<\/h2>\n<p>As a project is composed of targets, a target is composed of tasks. You may see a task as a command to be executed. To add a task to a target, you will (as everything in Ant) use plain pure XML syntax like bellow:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;task_name attribute1=&quot;value1&quot; attribute2=&quot;value2&quot; ... attributeN=&quot;valueN&quot;\/&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>Ant already comes with several core tasks ready to use, which list can be seen on this <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/coretasklist.html\" target=\"_blank\">link<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>To better understand how to use tasks, here is a quick example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;project name=&quot;backup&quot; default=&quot;backup&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot;&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;property name=&quot;destiny&quot; location=&quot;..\/backup&quot;\/&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;backup&quot;&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;mkdir dir=&quot;${destiny}&quot;\/&gt;\r\n&lt;zip destFile=&quot;${destiny}\/backup.zip&quot;\r\nbasedir=&quot;.&quot;\/&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;\/project&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>This script will execute the backup target. It&#8217;s first action will be to execute the task mkdir. As it&#8217;s name already says, it will create a new directory (just in case it doesn&#8217;t exist) using the value defined on the property <strong>destiny<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/using.html#properties\" target=\"_blank\">property <\/a> is actually a global variable used by the Ant script. In this case, the <strong>destiny<\/strong> property is referring to a directory (that&#8217;s why I used the location attribute).<\/p>\n<p>This property was used on the <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/CoreTasks\/mkdir.html\" target=\"_blank\">mkdir <\/a>task using a syntax really close to the EL:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;task attribute_name=&quot;${property_name}&quot;\/&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>After the execution of the mkdir task, the  <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/CoreTasks\/zip.html\" target=\"_blank\">zip<\/a> task is called. As it&#8217;s name already says, it will generate a zip file based on the two attributes I declared.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>TIP:<\/strong><\/span> Ant have a GREAT online manual: <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Writing your own tasks<\/h2>\n<p>Of course the Ant core tasks aren&#8217;t going to answer ALL your needs. In these cases, it&#8217;s possible to write your own. On the Ant manual there&#8217;s a great guide of how to do it: <a href=\"http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/developlist.html\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/ant.apache.org\/manual\/developlist.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>With your own tasks ready, these must be packed on a jar file which then must be copied to the ANT_HOME\/lib directory. (you may also add your jar files to your classpath if you want)<\/p>\n<p>Here is an example of how to use external tag libraries in your own scripts:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;project name=&quot;blabla&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot; default=&quot;blablaTask&quot;&gt;\r\n&lt;taskdef name=&quot;mytask&quot; classname=&quot;packate.where.your.task.is.Task&quot; \/&gt;\r\n...\r\n&lt;\/project&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>To use an external task, you must declare the <strong>taskdef<\/strong> task in the project tag. It have two main attributes:<br \/>\n<strong>name<\/strong>: the name of your task (how you&#8217;ll declare it on your build script<br \/>\n<strong>classname<\/strong>: the complete class name<\/p>\n<p>So, to see how your custom task could be used, let me complete the above example:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"brush: xml; title: ; notranslate\" title=\"\">\r\n\r\n&lt;project name=&quot;blabla&quot; basedir=&quot;.&quot; default=&quot;blablaTarget&quot;&gt;\r\n&lt;taskdef name=&quot;mytask&quot; classname=&quot;caminho.para.sua.Task&quot; \/&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;target name=&quot;blablaTarget&quot;&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;mytask attribute1=&quot;some value&quot; attribute2=&quot;another value&quot;\/&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;\/target&gt;\r\n\r\n&lt;\/project&gt;\r\n\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Remember: <\/span>you may only declare tasks inside targets!<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2>Usefull core tasks<\/h2>\n<p>In my short experience with Ant. Some of it&#8217;s core tasks where really usefull for me:<\/p>\n<p><strong>signjar:<\/strong> used to sign your jar files<\/p>\n<p><strong>jar: <\/strong>generate jar files<\/p>\n<p><strong>war\/ear: <\/strong>it&#8217;s actually a specialization of the jar task. Used to generate .war and .ear files.<\/p>\n<p><strong>tar: <\/strong> used to create tar files.<\/p>\n<p><strong>zip\/unzip:<\/strong> Compress\/decompress files using the ZIP format.<\/p>\n<p><strong>patch<\/strong>: applies a diff file to originals<\/p>\n<p><strong>sync:<\/strong> synchronized a target directory with the files stored on another location.<\/p>\n<h2>Conclusions<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Laziness generate ignorance :). It&#8217;s always a good thing to see things outside your favorite IDE.<\/li>\n<li>Ant XML syntax is pretty handy. But if you don&#8217;t like it, you may also try <a href=\"http:\/\/gant.codehaus.org\/\" target=\"_blank\">GANT <\/a>(it&#8217;s WONDERFUL for me how Groovy can always make things more elegant!)<\/li>\n<li>Ant is easy!<\/li>\n<li>Try not to get too much addicted to Ant (as I&#8217;m right now)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;m so used to the way Netbeans treats the process of building and deploying my Java projects that I completely neglected one of the most powerful tools I had ever met: Apache Ant. Actually, Netbeans wasn&#8217;t the only reason of my neglect. My own laziness have a big part on it. In the few times [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_coblocks_attr":"","_coblocks_dimensions":"","_coblocks_responsive_height":"","_coblocks_accordion_ie_support":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[39,6,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ant","category-java","category-open-source"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Apache Ant: how could I ignore you for so long??? - \/dev\/Kico<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/devkico.itexto.com.br\/?p=408\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apache Ant: how could I ignore you for so long??? - \/dev\/Kico\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"I&#8217;m so used to the way Netbeans treats the process of building and deploying my Java projects that I completely neglected one of the most powerful tools I had ever met: Apache Ant. 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